Deck piers

Types of Deck Piers

Deck piers are structures built to support decks, providing stability and elevation above the ground or water. They are crucial in ensuring the longevity and safety of deck structures. Various types of deck piers are suitable for different environmental conditions and soil types. Here are some of them:

• Concrete Deck Piers

  Concrete deck piers are popular for their strength and durability. They are often cast in place or precast blocks installed on the ground. Cast-in-place concrete deck piers are poured into molds on-site, allowing for customization and integration with the surrounding deck structure. On the other hand, precast concrete deck piers are manufactured in a factory and transported to the installation site. They are quickly installed, reducing construction time. Both types of concrete deck piers resist rot and provide a stable foundation.

• Sonotube Deck Piers

  Sonotube deck piers use cylindrical cardboard tubes known as Sonotubes. These tubes serve as molds for pouring concrete. The Sonotube deck pier construction is cost-effective and efficient. The tubes are placed vertically in dug holes and filled with concrete, creating strong, isolated footing. The adaptability of Sonotubes makes them suitable for various soil types and environmental conditions.

• Wooden Post Deck Piers

  Wooden deck piers are constructed using treated timber or wooden posts. The wooden poles are sunk into the ground or placed on concrete footings. They are commonly used in residential decks due to their affordability and ease of construction. However, they are more susceptible to rot and insect damage than concrete or metal deck piers. Proper treatment and maintenance are required to ensure their longevity.

• Metal Deck Piers

  Metal deck piers, usually made of steel or aluminum, are designed for modern and minimalist deck designs. They are robust and can handle heavy loads, making them suitable for large decks or those with additional features such as outdoor kitchens or living areas. Metal deck piers can be adjustable, allowing for precise height adjustments and accommodating uneven terrain.

• Helical Piles

  Helical piles are deep foundation deck piers that are drilled into the ground like screws. They are used in areas with weak or unstable soil and provide excellent lateral stability. Helical piles minimize soil disturbance during installation, making them environmentally friendly and suitable for sensitive areas such as wetlands or coastal zones.

Specifications and Maintenance of Deck Piers

Specifications of deck piers

• Size and Dimensions:

  Deck piers are constructed based on the size of the deck and load requirements. Generally, the size of deck piers ranges from 12 inches to 24 inches in diameter or width, and the height can be adjusted to reach the desired elevation above the ground or water surface.

• Load Capacity:

  Load capacity refers to the total weight that the deck piers can support without any structural damage. Deck piers are designed with a specific load capacity, which can range from 10,000 pounds to over 50,000 pounds. This capacity depends on the construction materials and size of the piers.

• Construction Materials:

  The deck piers can be constructed from various materials, such as concrete, steel, wood, or composite materials. Each material has its advantages and features, such as concrete for its durability and load-bearing capacity, steel for its strength and corrosion resistance, wood for its natural beauty and affordability, and composite materials for their modern appearance and low maintenance requirements.

• Foundation and Anchorage:

  The deck piers require a solid foundation and anchorage to ensure stability and safety. The foundation is usually excavated and filled with concrete or compacted gravel. Anchoring methods may include bolts, screws, or anchors installed in the foundation.

• Height and Elevation:

  The height and elevation of deck piers are important considerations, especially for decks built over water or uneven terrain. The piers should be tall enough to prevent flooding or waves from reaching the deck and provide stability on unstable ground.

• Weather Resistance and Durability:

  Deck piers need to be constructed of materials that can withstand various weather conditions and environmental factors. This includes resistance to corrosion, UV radiation, humidity, insects, and other elements. Proper treatment and protective coatings can enhance the durability and weather resistance of the deck piers.

Maintenance of deck piers

• Regular Inspection:

  Regular inspection of deck piers is essential to check for cracks, corrosion, insect damage, and other issues. An inspection should be conducted at least once every three months or after severe weather conditions, and necessary repairs and maintenance should be performed promptly.

• Cleaning:

  Cleaning deck piers regularly can prevent algae growth, dirt accumulation, and other contaminants. A soft brush, water, and mild cleaners can be used for cleaning, and high-pressure cleaning devices should be used cautiously to avoid damaging the pier surface.

• Protective Coatings:

  For deck piers built with wood or composite materials, applying protective coatings regularly can enhance durability and weather resistance. These coatings can prevent UV radiation damage, moisture infiltration, and insect attacks. Choose suitable coatings based on the materials and environmental conditions of the deck piers.

• Repair and Replacement:

  Once any damage or structural problems are found during inspections or cleaning, timely repairs are necessary to maintain the stability and safety of the deck piers. This may include crack filling, corrosion treatment, wood replacement, and other actions.

• Vegetation Management:

  If the deck piers are surrounded by vegetation, regular management is necessary to prevent plant growth from affecting the stability and safety of the piers. This may include trimming, weeding, and removing trees or shrubs that may pose a threat to the deck piers.

How to choose deck piers

With so many deck pier options out there, choosing the right one can be overwhelming. Here are some tips to make the right choice:

• Load-bearing capacity:

  This is the first factor to consider when selecting deck piers. The deck size and the number of people who use it determine the load-bearing capacity. For larger decks, it's advisable to go for deck piers with a higher load-bearing capacity.

• Type of soil:

  When installing a deck, the type of soil is an important consideration. Some deck pier types are more suitable for stable ground like concrete, while others are ideal for less stable ground such as sandy soil. Conduct a soil test to determine its type before selecting a deck pier.

• Local building codes:

  Most local authorities have specific codes that deck builders must adhere to. For instance, some areas require deck piers to be installed at a certain depth to avoid frost heave. Before selecting a deck pier, ensure to contact the local building authority to get the relevant codes.

• Environmental conditions:

  Environmental conditions such as moisture levels and wind exposure are also important when selecting deck piers. For instance, in areas with high moisture levels, it’s recommended to choose deck piers made with corrosion-resistant materials. In areas that are highly exposed to winds, the deck piers should be able to withstand strong winds.

• Ease of installation:

  Different deck pier types have different levels of installation complexity. If a deck pier is complicated to install, it may increase the construction time and labor costs. If the deck pier requires special tools or equipment, ensure to factor in their costs when selecting a deck pier.

• Deck pier size and design:

  Deck piers come in different sizes and designs to cater to various deck designs and sizes. Choose a deck pier that will fit well on the deck design and its size. The deck pier design should also complement the deck design.

How to diy and replace deck piers

Replacing deck piers can be a daunting task, but with proper planning and the right tools, it can be achieved. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to replace deck piers:

Tools needed:

• Shovel
• Post-hole digger
• Concrete mixer (for concrete piers)
• Tape measure
• Level
• Hammer
• Saw (for wooden piers)

Step-by-step guide:

• Assessment: Before replacing deck piers, it is important to assess the deck's condition and determine the extent of the damage. This will help in planning and implementation.
• Remove the deck boards: For the affected area, remove the deck boards to expose the existing piers.
• Demolish the old piers: Use a sledgehammer or saw to remove the old piers carefully. Take caution not to damage the surrounding deck structure.
• Prepare the site: Once the old piers have been removed, use a post hole digger or shovel to remove debris and excavate the area.
• Prepare the new piers: For concrete piers, mix the concrete according to the manufacturer's instructions. For wood, cut them to the desired height and width.
• Setting the new piers: Place the new piers in the excavated area and ensure they are level and properly aligned.
• Connect the deck frame: Once the piers are in place, reconnect the deck frame to the piers using screws or bolts.
• Check for stability: Ensure the deck is stable and the piers are firmly in place.
• Reattach the deck boards: Once the deck has been inspected and found to be stable, reattach the deck boards.

Q and A

Q1: How often should deck pier inspection take place?

A1: The frequency of inspections can depend on various factors like environmental conditions, the material of the deck piers, and local regulations. However, a general recommendation is to inspect at least once a year or after severe weather events.

Q2: What should be done if deck piers are found to be damaged?

A2: If any damage is detected during an inspection, it should be addressed immediately. The repair method will depend on the type and extent of the damage. In some cases, replacement of the pier may be necessary.

Q3: Can deck piers be installed by DIY methods?

A3: While it is possible to install deck piers using DIY methods, it is crucial to follow proper guidelines and ensure the installation meets safety standards. Consulting with a professional can help ensure the deck piers are installed correctly.

Q4: What is the lifespan of deck piers?

A4: The lifespan of deck piers can vary depending on the material used, environmental conditions, and maintenance practices. Proper maintenance and timely repairs can significantly extend their longevity.

Q5: Are concrete deck piers better than wood or metal deck piers?

A5: There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as each material has its advantages and disadvantages. Concrete is durable and requires low maintenance, while wood is cost-effective but needs regular maintenance. Metal offers strength and durability but can be prone to corrosion.