Small turbochargers

Types of Small Turbochargers

Small turbochargers are further categorized into different types based on their design and functionality. They include:

• Single Turbochargers

  Single small turbochargers are the most common type found in various vehicles. In this type, one turbine and one compressor are used to boost the engine's power. They are further divided into two: A/R (aspect ratio) and ball-bearing turbos. A/R turbos have a turbine housing that enables the adjustment of the A/R ratio. On the other hand, ball-bearing turbochargers have a bearing system that operates on balls.

• Twin-Turbochargers

  These twin-turbochargers consist of two turbines and two compressors that work together. This allows the engine to be boosted in a greater and more efficient manner. In addition, they are further divided into two: parallel and compound turbos. In parallel twin-turbos, the turbos are linked to the engine's two banks. They work simultaneously and equally. On the other hand, the compound twin-turbocharger has a small turbo working together with a larger one. The smaller one compresses the air before it is sent to the larger one in the compound twin-turbo setup.

• Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGT)

  Variable geometry small turbochargers have adjustable turbine blades that modify the angle of attack. When the angle of attack is changed, it results in improved airflow across the turbine at different engine speeds. This ultimately leads to reduced turbo lag and better power delivery.

• Variable Twin Scroll Turbochargers (VTS)

  Variable twin-scroll small turbochargers are a more complex type of VGT. They have an even number of turbine and compressor blades that enhance the efficiency of the engine's air-fueling system. In addition, the VTS combines the features of VGT and twin-scroll technology. This ultimately leads to improved performance and reduced emissions.

• Electric Turbochargers

  Electric small turbochargers use an electric motor to drive the turbine directly. This further eliminates turbo lag and improves throttle response. They are especially ideal for hybrid and electric-powered vehicles.

• Wastegate Turbochargers

  Wastegate small turbochargers are designed with a wastegate valve that regulates the boost pressure level. The wastegate valve opens and closes automatically to divert exhaust flow around the turbine. This prevents over-boosting and ensures optimal power delivery.

Specification and maintenance of small turbochargers

Specifications for small turbochargers vary widely depending on the specific application for which they are designed. Nonetheless, there are some general specifications that are useful when selecting a turbocharger for a given use. They include the following:

• Max RPM: Small turbochargers spin at a very high speed to compress air efficiently. The max RPM value indicates the maximum speed the turbocharger can reach. Turbochargers have an RPM rating ranging from 100,000 to 250,000 RPM. For instance, small turbochargers for racing applications have a higher RPM rating.
• Compressor size: The compressor wheel draws in air and compresses it before sending it to the engine. Compressor size is measured in millimeters (mm), with larger wheels moving more air. The compressor size for small turbochargers ranges from 30 to 100 mm. The compressor size affects the turbo's efficiency and boost response.
• Turbine size: The turbine side of a turbocharger is connected to the engine's exhaust system. It converts exhaust flow into rotational energy for the compressor. Similar to the compressor, turbine size is also measured in millimeters (mm). Turbine size affects how well the turbo can extract energy from exhaust flow. Small turbochargers have turbine sizes ranging from 30 to 100 mm.

Maintaining small turbochargers is crucial for ensuring their longevity and optimal performance. Here are the key maintenance requirements for turbochargers:

• Regular Oil Changes: Routine oil changes are essential for turbocharger maintenance. Fresh oil lubricates the moving parts, reducing friction and preventing wear. It's also important to use high-quality engine oil that meets the manufacturer's specifications.
• Clean Air Filter: A clean air filter is vital for turbocharger health. It ensures a steady flow of clean air to the turbo. Check and replace the air filter regularly to prevent dirt and debris from entering the turbo and causing damage.
• Cool Down Period: Allowing the turbo to idle for a few minutes before shutting down the engine is crucial. This practice lets the turbo cool gradually, preventing heat-related damage.
• Inspect Exhaust Leaks: Inspect the exhaust system for leaks. Exhaust leaks can reduce turbo efficiency and lead to performance issues. Address any leaks promptly to maintain turbo performance.
• Check Wastegate Operation: The wastegate regulates turbo boost pressure. Ensure the wastegate functions correctly to prevent overboost or underboost conditions. Test wastegate operation periodically.
• Inspect Boost Hoses: Boost hoses carry compressed air from the turbo to the intake. Inspect the hoses for wear, cracks, or leaks. Replace damaged hoses to maintain proper boost pressure.

How to Choose small turbochargers

Choosing the right small turbo can be a daunting task, but it doesn't have to be. Here are a few things to consider when buying a turbo for a car:

• Firstly, consider the kind of driving experience wanted. Is it a daily driver, or is it an occasional weekend warrior? This will help determine how much boost is wanted and what kind of turbo is best suited for the vehicle.
• Next, think about the goals for the vehicle. Do users want to improve fuel efficiency, or are they looking for outright speed? Different turbos will offer different benefits, so it's essential to choose one that aligns with the goals.
• It's also important to consider the budget. Turbos can range in price significantly, so decide how much can be spent before shopping around.
• Be sure to do some research on the different types of small turbochargers available and see which one catches the eye. From journal bearing to ball bearing turbos, there are plenty of options out there, each with its perks and drawbacks.
• Finally, don't hesitate to reach out to a professional for help choosing and installing the proper turbocharger. They can offer valuable insight and ensure everything is done correctly for optimal performance.

With considering these factors, choosing the right small turbocharger for the car can be a straightforward process. Enjoy the ride!

How to DIY and replace small turbochargers

Replacing a turbo is an advanced-level DIY task. It is advisable to have a good understanding of car mechanics and basic knowledge of turbos before attempting to replace one.

To replace a small turbocharger, one will need the following tools:

• Socket set
• Wrench set
• Torx bit set
• Extension bars
• Jack and axle stands
• Oil drain pan
• New gasket set
• New turbocharger

The process:

• Research: Before starting, research the specific turbo model and the car make to understand the components better.
• Prepare the work area: Ensure the work area is clean and well-lit.
• Disconnect the battery: For safety, disconnect the battery before starting.
• Drain the oil and coolant: Use an oil drain pan to remove oil and coolant from the system before starting the replacement.
• Jack the car: Use a jack to elevate the car and place it on axle stands for safety.
• Remove the exhaust: The exhaust system must be detached to access the turbo. Follow the car manual for guidance.
• Remove intake pipes and exhaust manifolds: Once the exhaust is removed, take out the intake pipes and exhaust manifolds to reach the turbo.
• Unscrew the turbo: Use a socket and wrench set to remove the screws holding the turbo in place.
• Disconnect the oil and coolant lines: The oil and coolant lines must be detached from the turbo to remove it completely.
• Disconnect the wastegate actuator: Use a Torx bit set to disconnect the wastegate actuator from the turbo.
• Remove the old turbo: Carefully take out the old turbo from the engine bay.
• Install the new turbo: Follow the steps in reverse to install the new turbo. Ensure all screws are tightly fastened to avoid leaks.
• Reconnect the battery: Once the new turbo is installed, reconnect the battery to power up the car.

It's important to consult the car's manual for specific instructions and safety precautions when replacing a turbocharger.

Q and A

Q1: How long do small turbochargers last?

A1: Turbochargers can last from 150,000 to 200,000 miles. However, the lifespan depends on different factors, such as the quality of the turbocharger, the type of engine, and the driving conditions.

Q2: Can a small turbocharger be put on any car?

A2: It is possible to install a turbocharger on any small car. However, the process involves modifying the exhaust system, installing an intercooler, and adding new engine control unit (ECU) settings. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a professional before proceeding with the installation.

Q3: Do small turbochargers require maintenance?

A3: Yes, small turbochargers need regular maintenance to ensure they function properly and have a long lifespan. Maintenance involves changing the engine oil regularly, inspecting the turbo for leaks, and cleaning the intercooler.