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The following are the types of tempered glass in India:
Heat-strengthened tempered glass is partially tempered during the annealing process to relieve interior stresses. Unlike fully tempered glass, it is heated to about 1,100°F (593°C) and then cooled more slowly. This gradual cooling reduces internal tensions without the final, rapid tempering heat. The resulting glass is thicker, usually 25-50% stronger than standard glass, and provides increased resistance to thermal stress, making it ideal for high-heat shows and reducing breakage in high-traffic areas.
In laminate tempered glass, two or more pieces of tempered glass are bonded with a durable interlayer, often polyvinyl butyral (PVB). This interlayer holds the glass shards together if shattered, preventing them from scattering. The laminate enhances safety and security, UV protection, and sound insulation. It is commonly used in areas requiring additional safety, like buildings with large glass facades, skylights, curtain walls, and in automotive applications for side and rear windows.
The heat-soak test tempered glass undergoes a heat-soak test after tempering. The test involves holding the glass at high temperatures for an extended period to identify and eliminate nickel sulfide inclusions that can cause spontaneous glass breakage later. The glass is heated to around 1,000°F (538°C) and then slowly cooled. This process ensures that potentially unstable pieces are detected and removed before installation. It adds an extra safety layer, making it ideal for facades, skylights, and other large installations.
Silver-coated tempered glass integrates a reflective silver metallic coating into a piece of tempered glass. This coating is usually applied using a sputter deposition method. It provides exceptional solar control by reflecting heat and light while allowing some natural illumination. It reduces energy costs in buildings by controlling heat and glare. This glass is commonly used in commercial and residential facades, windows, and curtain walls where energy efficiency and comfort are priorities.
The following are the industry applications of tempered glass in India:
Tempered glass is widely used in building facades due to its strength and safety. In commercial architecture, large glass panels create modern, sleek exteriors while allowing natural light. Residential facades use tempered glass for energy efficiency and visual appeal. Its ability to withstand extreme temperatures makes it ideal for this application. Tempered glass enhances the structural integrity and aesthetic value of the building, making it a popular choice in architectural design.
Automotive Industry uses tempered glass for side windows and rear screens. Its heat treatment process increases durability, making it more resistant to impacts and temperature changes. In cars, it ensures passenger safety by shattering into small, rounded pieces rather than sharp shards during an accident. This standard safety feature meets rigorous regulatory requirements and improves overall vehicle strength and design. The uniform thermal properties of the glass also prevent warping during installation.
Tempered glass is a key material in modern bathrooms, particularly for shower doors and enclosures. Its strength and safety features make it ideal for this wet and variable environment. Unlike regular glass, tempered glass can withstand rapid temperature changes without cracking or breaking. This makes it safe in the humid, heated space of a bathroom. Tempered glass creates an open, elegant look in bathrooms. It resists staining and is easy to clean, ideal for bathroom applications.
Tempered glass is commonly used in kitchen appliances, including ovens and refrigerators. The glass is designed to withstand high temperatures and pressure changes, making it ideal for oven doors. This allows users to view cooking progress safely without compromising glass integrity. In refrigerators, tempered glass shelves provide a sturdy, easy-to-clean surface for storing food and beverages. The strength and shatter-resistant properties of tempered glass ensure safety and durability in these high-heat and high-humidity kitchen environments.
The following are the technical specifications of tempered glass in India:
Thermal Resistance
Tempered glass can withstand high temperatures, usually up to 300°C (572°F), without breaking. Normal glass cannot handle this amount of heat.
Mechanical Strength
Tempered glass is about 4-5 times stronger than regular glass of the same thickness. This makes it more resistant to impacts and accidental breakage.
Safety Features
When shattered, tempered glass breaks into small, rounded pieces rather than sharp shards. This reduces the risk of serious injury and is why it is used in cars and shower doors.
Uniform Heating
The manufacturing process heats tempered glass evenly, ensuring it expands and contracts uniformly. This property eliminates warping and distortion, common in untreated glass.
Installation Recommendations
It is crucial to note that tempered glass must be manufactured to size before going through the tempering process. Once tempered, the glass cannot be cut or altered without losing its strength and safety features.
Weather Resistance
Tempered glass is highly resistant to environmental factors like wind, rain, and snow. This durability makes it a popular choice for windows and facades in commercial and residential buildings.
Prepare the Opening
The first step is to clean and prepare the opening where the tempered glass will be installed. Remove any debris, old caulking, or remnants of the previous material to create a smooth, even surface.
Apply the Spacer or Sealant
Depending on the installation method, either a spacer or a sealant bead (silicone or elastomeric) is applied around the perimeter of the frame or opening. This creates a support base for the glass.
Set the Glass
With the help of another person, carefully lift the tempered glass into the prepared opening or frame. At this stage, the glass should be placed onto the pre-applied spacers or sealant.
Adjust and Secure
Gently move the glass until it is level and plumb within the opening. After achieving the proper alignment, use additional spacers, clips, or setting blocks to secure the glass in place.
Seal the Perimeter
If using a sealant, once the glass is secured, apply a continuous bead of high-quality silicone or other suitable sealants around the glass edges to lock it firmly in place and create a weather-tight seal.
Finishing Touches
Allow the sealant to cure as per the manufacturer's instructions after sealing the perimeter. If any excess sealant or spacer is visible, consider trimming or finishing as needed for aesthetics and a professional appearance.
The following are the uses of tempered glass in India:
Windows and Facades
Tempered glass is widely used in building facades due to its strength, heat resistance, and safety. It is ideal for large, structural panels in commercial and residential architecture.
Automotive Applications
In vehicles, tempered glass is used for side windows and rear windows. Its ability to withstand impacts and temperature changes improves passenger safety by breaking into rounded shards rather than sharp fragments.
Shower Doors and Enclosures
For bathrooms, this type of glass is popular for shower doors and enclosures, as it can handle steam and rapid temperature changes without cracking. It gives a modern, sleek design while ensuring safety.
Kitchen Appliances
Tempered glass is featured on oven doors, allowing users to see inside without breaking the glass. It withstands extreme internal heat, making it ideal for the cooking environment.
Glass Tabletops
It is also used for tabletops and furniture. The tempered glass surface is scratch-resistant and durable in everyday use. It enhances the visual appeal, adding an elegant and modern touch to interior spaces.
The following are the maintenance and repair of tempered glass in India:
Use the Right Cleaning Products
For maintenance, always use a gentle, non-abrasive cleaner. A mixture of water and vinegar or a dedicated glass cleaner works well. Avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the glass or its edges.
Use Soft Cloths
Use a soft microfiber cloth or paper towel to clean the surface without scratching it. Avoid rough materials that can leave marks or damage the tempered glass surface.
Regular Inspection
Regularly check the tempered glass for any signs of damage, such as cracks along the edges. Promptly identifying issues can prevent further damage or safety hazards.
Edge Maintenance
If the tempered glass has been installed with exposed edges, ensure to regularly inspect the edge silicone or gasket. Regular maintenance prevents dust or moisture buildup around the glass edges.
Heat and Cold
In the case of appliances with glass doors, like ovens or refrigerators, ensure to avoid rapid temperature changes directly on the surface. For example, placing hot items on cool glass can cause stress fractures.
Understand Limitations
The first step in repairing tempered glass is understanding its limitations. Unlike regular annealed glass, tempered glass cannot be cut or reinstalled once broken.
Use Professional Services
It is essential to consider using professional glass repair services. If the tempered glass is part of a large installation or a specialized item like an automobile or a built-in appliance, contacting a professional for replacement is often the safest option.
Replacement Process
In cases where tempered glass has been used for windows or enclosure, removing broken pieces safely. The new piece of tempered glass should be carefully installed.
There are several key players in the tempered glass market in India. Some of them are as follows:
There are quality standards for tempered glass in India. They are as follows:
Tempered glass is a versatile product with several attributes. They are as follows:
The main difference between tempered glass and ordinary glass is that tempered glass is treated with heat and chemicals to increase its strength and stress resistance, whereas ordinary glass is not treated.
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