Turbocharger for transit

Types of Turbocharger For Transit

Turbochargers for transit are devices that use exhaust gas to spin a turbine and draw more air into the engine. This allows the engine to burn more fuel and produce more power. Transit turbochargers improve engine performance and fuel efficiency. They are common in vehicles with large engines. There are various types of turbochargers for transit, including:

• Single turbochargers

  Single turbochargers are the most prevalent type of turbocharger. They utilize one turbine and compressor wheel to drive engine airflow. Single turbochargers are affordable and easy to maintain. They also provide a linear power band and great low-end torque. However, they may limit peak power potential compared to other types.

• Twin turbochargers

  Twin turbochargers have two sets of turbine and compressor wheels. Usually, one set is dedicated to each bank of cylinders on a V or flat engine. Twin turbochargers improve throttle response and boost across the power band. They also increase maximum power output without lag. However, twin turbochargers are more complex and expensive to maintain.

• Variable geometry turbochargers

  Variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) utilize adjustable blades in the turbine and compressor to optimize airflow across the RPM range. This technology enhances low-end boost and reduces turbo lag. VGTs suit diesel engines with variable loads and require more complex controls.

• Electric turbocharger

  Electric turbochargers (ETTs) use an electric motor to spin the compressor. This overcomes turbo lag and provides instant boost. ETTs are emerging in gasoline engines with strict emission rules. They improve efficiency and comply with regulations. However, electric turbochargers are the most advanced and expensive technology.

• Variable twin-scroll turbocharger

  Variable twin-scroll turbochargers combine VGT and twin-scroll technology into one unit. They are suitable for high-performance engines that need maximum efficiency and minimal lag. This makes them the most complex and costly type of turbocharger. Variable twin-scroll turbochargers deliver the best boost control and performance across the entire RPM range.

Specifications and Maintenance of Turbochargers for Transit

The specifications of turbochargers for transit vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle and the engine size. However, some standard specifications include the following.

• The compressor

  It has a diameter of 3 to 5 inches, which compresses the intake air and moves it into the engine. The compressor also has compressor wheels that rotate at very high speeds, usually between 50,000 and 150,000 RPMs, and many also have variable geometry vanes that help improve efficiency and performance.

• The turbine

  Like the compressor, the turbine also has a similar diameter of 3 to 5 inches. Its job is to exhaust the gases that help rotate the turbine wheel. The turbine also has a turbine wheel that is connected to the shaft and spins to help power the compressor.

• The shaft

  Turbochargers for transit have shafts that connect the compressor and the turbine. The shaft also enables the transfer of energy from the exhaust gases to the intake air. The shaft spins and rotates at very high speeds, usually between 100,000 and 200,000 RPMs.

• Bearings

  Lastly, the turbochargers have bearings that help support the shaft and reduce the friction between the turbine and the compressor. The bearings are usually journal or ball-type and are made of durable materials like brass, steel, or carbon.

It is also essential to maintain the turbocharger to ensure it lasts and functions as expected. Below are some tips for maintaining turbochargers for transit.

• Regular oil changes: It is essential to change the oil regularly, as the oil helps lubricate and keep the turbochargers running smoothly. The oil also helps remove any dirt, debris, or contaminants that may have accumulated, ensuring the turbo lasts longer. The recommended oil change intervals are every 3,000 to 5,000 miles.
• Use the right oil: It is important to use the right oil type recommended by the manufacturer. The right oil helps ensure the turbocharger's optimal performance and prevents any damage. The right oil should have the right viscosity and meet the required specifications.
• Allow proper cool down: It is vital to allow the engine to cool down before turning off the vehicle. This is because, when the engine is turned off suddenly, it can cause a turbo to overheat and, in turn, damage the turbocharger. To allow the engine to cool down, runners can idle for a few minutes before turning off the vehicle.
• Inspect the intake and exhaust systems: It is important to regularly inspect the intake and exhaust systems for any leaks, cracks, or damage. The damaged systems can affect the performance of the turbocharger. In case of damage, ensure to repair or replace the systems to prevent further damage to the turbo.
• Check the wastegate and blow-off valve: Regularly checking the wastegate and blow-off valve is essential, as they control the boost pressure in the engine. Ensure the wastegate is functioning well and the blow-off valve is sealing properly. In case of damage, ensure to repair or replace the blow-off valve and wastegate.

How to choose turbochargers for transit

• Understand transit needs:

  Key aspects of the transit vehicle can be used to determine the desired turbocharger. This includes the type of transit vehicle, its weight, and the driving conditions it experiences. A heavier vehicle operating in urban settings requires a turbocharger that provides more torque at lower RPMs to ensure quick acceleration and efficiency in stop-and-go traffic.

• Consider engine specifications:

  The engine's horsepower and torque ratings, as well as the type of fuel it uses (diesel or gasoline), must be considered. Different engines have varying requirements for air-fuel mixtures, so selecting a turbocharger designed to work harmoniously with the engine is crucial.

• Assess turbocharger types:

  There are various kinds of turbochargers, each with unique benefits. Single turbochargers are standard in many transit vehicles due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Twin-scroll turbochargers are suitable for vehicles with larger engines because they enhance efficiency by utilizing exhaust pulses better. Variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) are excellent for improving performance across a broad RPM range, making them suitable for heavy-duty transit vehicles.

• Evaluate size and specifications:

  The size of the turbocharger influences its performance characteristics. Smaller turbochargers spool up quickly, providing boost at lower engine speeds but may run out of breath at higher RPMs. Larger turbochargers deliver more peak power but have a lag before the boost kicks in. It's vital to select a size that aligns with the desired power band and performance requirements.

• Consider aftermarket vs. OEM:

  Transit vehicles can be fitted with turbochargers from aftermarket suppliers. OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) components ensure compatibility but may be pricier. Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each option helps make an informed decision.

• Budget and warranty considerations:

  Setting a budget for the turbocharger and installation is crucial. Furthermore, warranty coverage for the turbocharger and its compatibility with the transit vehicle should be considered.

• Consult professionals:

  Mechanics or professionals who specialize in performance upgrades for transit vehicles can be consulted. They offer insights into the best turbocharger options based on the transit vehicle's specifications and needs.

How to DIY and Replace Turbocharger For Transit

Replacing a turbocharger on a transit can be a complex task, but with the right tools and knowledge, it can be done. Here's a general guide on how to replace a turbocharger on a transit:

• Safety First:

  Ensure the vehicle is parked on a level surface, and the parking brake is engaged. Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and safety glasses.

• Gather Tools and Parts:

  New turbocharger, exhaust gasket, manifold gasket, downpipe bolts, oil drain gasket, oil supply gasket, 10mm socket, 8mm socket, 13mm socket, 15mm wrench, 18mm socket, T25 screwdriver, E5 torque bits, T40 torque bits, ratchet, extension, breaker bar, torque wrench, needle nose pliers, pick set, and 3/8" drive 10mm 12-point shallow socket.

• Disconnect the Battery:

  Disconnect the negative battery cable to prevent any electrical issues while working on the engine.

• Remove Engine Cover:

  Use a T25 screwdriver to remove the screws and take off the engine cover, exposing the engine components.

• Drain Coolant and Oil:

  Drain the coolant and oil from the engine to prevent any spills or leaks while replacing the turbocharger.

• Remove Exhaust and Intake Connections:

  Use the appropriate sockets and wrenches to remove the exhaust connections, intake connections, and any other piping connected to the turbocharger.

• Remove Oil Lines:

  Remove the oil supply lines and oil drain lines connected to the turbocharger using a needle-nose pliers and pick set.

• Remove Turbocharger Bolts:

  Use a 10mm socket and ratchet to remove the bolts securing the turbocharger to the engine. A breaker bar may be needed to loosen stubborn bolts.

• Remove Old Turbocharger:

  Carefully lift the old turbocharger out of the engine bay, taking care not to drop any bolts or debris into the engine.

• Install New Turbocharger:

  Place the new turbocharger onto the engine and align it with the bolt holes. Use a 10mm socket and ratchet to secure the bolts, tightening them to the manufacturer's specifications using a torque wrench.

• Reconnect Oil Lines:

  Reconnect the oil supply lines and oil drain lines to the new turbocharger, ensuring all gaskets are replaced to prevent leaks.

• Reconnect Exhaust and Intake Connections:

  Reconnect the exhaust connections, intake connections, and any other piping connected to the new turbocharger.

• Replace Cooling System Components:

  Replace any coolant hoses or components removed during the turbocharger replacement.

• Refill Oil and Coolant:

  Refill the engine oil and coolant to the appropriate levels, ensuring no air bubbles are trapped in the cooling system.

• Reconnect the Battery:

  Reconnect the negative battery cable to power the electrical components of the vehicle.

• Start the Engine:

  Start the engine and allow it to idle for a few minutes. Check for any leaks or unusual noises coming from the turbocharger or surrounding components.

• Reinstall Engine Cover:

  Reinstall the engine cover by securing it with the T25 screws removed earlier.

It's important to note that this is a general guide, and the specific steps may vary depending on the make and model of the transit vehicle. Always refer to the manufacturer's service manual for detailed instructions and torque specifications when replacing a turbocharger. If unsure, it's recommended to have a qualified mechanic perform the turbocharger replacement.

Q and A

Q1: How long does a turbo for transit last?

A1: The lifespan of a turbo for transit varies. Generally, a turbo may last between 100,000 to 200,000 miles. However, this figure can change based on how it's used and maintained.

Q2: Can one upgrade their turbo to get better performance?

A2: Yes, upgrading the turbo to get better performance is possible. A high-performance turbocharger can be put in to make the engine more powerful. But, it's important to pick a turbo that will work well with the engine.

Q3: What signs show that a turbo needs to be replaced?

A3: If the turbo is bad, the car might be slow, and smoke might come out of the exhaust. The engine light may also come on. Other signs include strange noises from the turbo and decreased fuel efficiency.