Universal turbocharger

Types of Universal Turbochargers

A universal turbocharger is a device that forces more air into an internal combustion engine, allowing more fuel to be burned and resulting in more power. The components of a turbocharger are called the turbine and compressor, which are connected by a shaft and spin like a flywheel. The exhaust from the engine's cylinders flows over the turbine, generating enough force to spin it and the attached compressor. The spinning compressor pulls in ambient air, compresses it, and pushes it into the engine's intake manifold. As a result, the engine receives more oxygen, allowing it to burn more fuel and produce more power without increasing its size.

There are various types of universal turbochargers for different applications, including:

• Single Turbo: Single turbochargers are the most common turbocharging solution, especially in gasoline-powered vehicles. They utilize a single turbine and compressor housing to boost the engine's intake air. Single turbos are appreciated for their balance of performance, complexity, and cost. They offer a significant power increase without an overwhelming learning curve for installation and tuning. This makes them a popular choice among car enthusiasts and everyday drivers looking for extra oomph.
• Twin-Turbo: Twin-turbochargers comprise two turbines and compressor units working in unison to increase engine power. There are two primary configurations: parallel and sequential twin-turbos. In parallel setups, each turbo feeds its bank of cylinders in V6 or V8 engines. Conversely, sequential systems employ a smaller low-pressure turbo for initial RPMs and a larger high-pressure turbo for higher RPMs. This ensures optimal boost across the entire powerband. Twin-turbos deliver immense power and responsiveness, making them popular in performance and luxury vehicles.
• Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT): Commonly found in diesel engines, variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) are designed to enhance low-end torque and overall efficiency. Instead of fixed blades, VGTs feature adjustable vanes in the turbine housing. These vanes optimize airflow through the turbo at different engine speeds, ensuring minimal turbo lag and a broader powerband. While VGTs are primarily utilized in heavy-duty diesel applications for emissions control and efficiency, their adoption is growing in gasoline-powered performance cars.
• Electric Turbocompounding (etc): As the automotive industry shifts towards electrification, ETC emerges as a forward-looking turbocharger solution. By harnessing energy from exhaust gases, ETCs improve engine efficiency and power delivery. These turbochargers are particularly valuable in reducing emissions and optimizing performance in hybrid and electric vehicles. ETC technology represents the industry's commitment to sustainability while maintaining exhilarating performance.

Specification and maintenance of Universal turbocharger

• Regular Oil Changes

  Changing the engine oil and filter is an important part of maintenance. Fresh oil lubricates the moving parts of the engine and turbo for maximum life. Follow the recommended schedule, usually every 5,000 to 7,500 miles. High-quality oil protects better from wear and heat. The turbo generates extreme temperatures. The oil keeps all parts of the turbo flowing smoothly.

• Quality Fuel

  Using fuel with the correct octane rating for the vehicle is key. Higher octane allows for turbocharging without damaging the engine. Cheaper gas with low octane can cause knocking or damage over time. Rely on major gas brands that meet or exceed the octane needs. This helps the turbo function as intended.

• Cool Down Time

  Allowing the turbo to idle for a few minutes before shutdown is critical. The turbo spins extremely fast and reaches hot temperatures. Stopping the engine suddenly can harm the turbo. The oil can’t circulate properly. Take a few minutes after driving to let the turbo cool. This simple step prevents long-term issues.

• Inspect Hoses and Clamps

  The hoses and clamps connecting the turbo to the engine should be examined regularly. Over time, they can wear, crack, or become loose. A visual inspection can catch any problems early. Also, give the hoses a squeeze. A soft or leaking hose could cause the turbo to work improperly. Replacing faulty parts avoids more damage.

• Use Quality Replacement Parts

  If any components of the turbo need repair, opt for high-quality aftermarket or OEM parts. These last longer than cheap options. Make sure replacements meet the standards of the original turbo. This ensures a proper fit and function over time.

• Regular Air Filter Changes

  The air filter should be replaced on schedule, usually every 15,000 to 30,000 miles. A clogged filter restricts airflow. This can cause the turbo to underperform. Fresh air is needed for the turbo to work efficiently and boost power. Keep an eye on the air filter. Driving in dusty conditions may require more frequent checks.

• Monitor Boost Pressure

  Some vehicles have a gauge to show the boost pressure from the turbo. It should read within the normal range specified in the owner’s manual. Too high or low boost can point to turbo problems. If the gauge is not working, take it to a mechanic. They can test boost levels. Abnormal readings indicate the turbo may need repair.

• Regular Emission System Check

  The emission system should be inspected periodically. Issues here can affect how well the turbo performs. Have a mechanic examine pipes, catalytic converter, and other parts of the emission system.

• Monitor Engine Performance

  Pay attention to how the engine runs. A decrease in power, acceleration issues, or strange sounds could signal the turbo needs attention. Catching problems early prevents more damage. The turbo plays a key role in overall vehicle performance.

How to Choose Universal Turbocharger

Choosing the right turbo can be a hard nut to crack. But it doesn’t have to be that way. The secret lies in having the right information. Here are some tips that can help in the decision-making process:

• Consider the goals: What does the vehicle owner want to achieve? Is it more power, better fuel economy, or both? Having a clear goal will guide the choice of the right turbocharger.
• Research the options: Different turbochargers have various features, such as varying sizes and technologies. Research the available options and find the one that suits the needs and goals.
• Check compatibility: Ensure that the turbocharger is compatible with the make and model of the vehicle. Also, ensure that it’s compatible with other engine components, exhaust systems, and intake systems.
• Quality and reliability: Choose a turbocharger from a reputable manufacturer. The quality and reliability of the universal turbocharger significantly affect the performance and longevity of the component.
• Consider installation: Some turbochargers are easier to install than others. If planning to install the turbocharger without professional help, choose one that comes with clear instructions and is user-friendly.
• Budget: Determine a budget for the turbocharger and its installation. Remember that the cheapest option may not be the best in the long run, while the most expensive is not always the best.

How to DIY and Replace Universal Turbochargers

To replace a turbocharger, the mechanic needs to have the right tools for the job. These include a torque wrench, socket set, oil drain pan, ratchet extension, lift or jack and jack stands, and 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, and possibly 13mm hex and socket bits. They also need to have a clean rag, shop vacuum, and a new turbocharger kit. The new turbocharger kit should have new oil lines, gaskets, and possibly bolts. This is to ensure that when they go in, they won't have any leaks and that the fitment is perfect.

Before the mechanic starts working on the car, they should disconnect the battery. After disconnecting the battery, they should drain the oil and coolant and then lift the car. After the car is lifted, the mechanic should look for the turbo under the hood or on the exhaust system. They should first disconnect the pipes, electrical connections, oil lines, and exhaust. The oil lines and exhaust may be held in place with bolts that are 8mm to 13mm in size. And because these bolts may be located deep inside the engine, the mechanic may need to use an extension with the ratchet. They should also use the extension with the ratchet when removing the bolts that hold the turbo in place. With the turbo loose, they can remove it and replace it with the new universal turbocharger kit.

When installing the new turbo, the mechanic should ensure that it is aligned properly with the manifold. They should then tighten the bolts with a torque wrench to the manufacturer's specifications. After that, they should reconnect the exhaust, oil lines, and the coolant lines they disconnected earlier. Once all the lines and pipes are reconnected, they should reconnect the battery. Before lowering the vehicle, the mechanic should start the engine and check to see if there are any leaks. After being satisfied with their work, they can lower the vehicle and clean up the work area.

Q&A

Q: Do turbochargers need to be broken in?

A: Some people argue that turbochargers should be broken in just like other car parts. This is because, during the breaking-in period, the components of the turbocharger will start fitting into each other, and the efficiency will be maximized. However, there is no conclusive evidence that breaking a turbo is necessary.

Q: Can a turbocharger be fitted to any car?

A: Universal turbochargers are designed to be fitted into various car models. However, modifications might be required when installing a turbocharger in a specific car. Moreover, the type of turbocharger to be installed depends on the engine type. It's advisable to consult with a mechanic before installing a turbocharger.

Q: How long does a turbo take to spool?

A: There is no specific duration a turbo takes to spool. This is because various factors affect how quickly a turbo spools. The type of turbocharger, engine size, and exhaust flow impact how long it takes to reach optimal boost pressure. Additionally, temperature and gear ratio play a crucial role in turbo lag.